URUSHI / LACQUREWARE
MEGURU (AIZU)
The Enduring Elegance of AIZU URUSHI Lacquerware: A Craft Rich in History and Aesthetic
In the world of Japanese craftsmanship, few materials evoke as much admiration as “Urushi”, the traditional lacquer derived from the sap of the Toxicodendron vernicifluum, or urushi tree. For thousands of years, this natural lacquer has adorned wooden vessels, transforming them into not just functional objects but also works of art. As the world grows increasingly captivated by sustainable practices, the intricate dance of tradition and modernity in Urushi lacquerware stands as a testament to the enduring appeal of Japanese craftsmanship.
Photo by GION
The Historical Tapestry of URUSHI
Urushi’s history is as rich as its luster. The earliest known lacquered artifacts in Japan date back over 10,000 years, unearthed from Jomon-era sites. This ancient craft flourished during significant periods such as the Asuka and Nara eras over 1,200 years ago, where Urushi was employed in sacred Buddhist tools and temple constructions. As time passed, the lacquerware industry blossomed and Urushi soon graced the tableware of nobles and adorned samurai armor. The Edo period (1603-1868) saw the rise of lacquer centers, birthing distinctive styles like Wajima nuri and Aizu nuri. Japanese lacquerware eventually became a prized export, to the extent that the term "japan" became synonymous with lacquer in Europe — similar to how "china" often represents porcelain.
Photo by Irwin Wong
The allure of Urushi lacquer extends beyond its captivating beauty. The Urushi extraction process harnesses the tree's innate vitality, as the resin is produced for self-healing when the tree is damaged. Consequently, Urushi boasts numerous exceptional qualities, including a unique humidity-induced drying process, impressive adhesion to many materials, and remarkable hardness and durability once dried. Furthermore, Urushi lacquer is resistant to water, acids, alkali, alcohol, and heat — it also exhibits antibacterial and insect-repelling properties.
Photo by Irwin Wong
A key reason for Urushi's development is its ability to protect wood, which is porous and susceptible to damage. “Urushi resin provides the perfect natural coating, enhancing the durability of wood while showcasing its beauty,” explains Wataru Kainuma, producer of MEGURU brand lacquerware and coordinator of several Urushi artisans. “In essence, Urushi reflects our connection to nature, transforming everyday objects into cherished heirlooms.”
Aizu Lacquerware: An Artisan’s Legacy
The production of Aizu lacquerware showcases this transformative power of Urushi, with its roots tracing back to the Muromachi period. Ujisato Gamo, the feudal lord of Aizu in the late 1500s, played a crucial role in fostering the craft by inviting specialists to teach local artisans the latest techniques. Today, traditional Aizu lacquerware is celebrated for its auspicious designs and decorations, featuring motifs of pine, bamboo, and plum.
The distinct characteristics of Aizu lacquerware include its unique decorative techniques, such as KESHIFUN MAKI-E, where fine gold dust is applied to lacquered designs. Aizu lacquerware artisans employ an array of methods, from the use of rust lacquer to create a cast-metal-like finish to the KINMUSHIKUNUINURI technique, which utilizes rice chaff for intricate patterns. Each piece is the result of meticulous craftsmanship, reflecting both the artisan’s skill and the rich cultural heritage of the Aizu region.
One of the standout methods celebrated in MEGURU’s collection is SHIBUICHI (四分一), a technique that dates back to the Edo period. Originally used in the decoration of Japanese sword scabbards, this technique employs a mix of silver powder and charcoal to create a surface that mimics the look of aged metal.
Photo by GION
Photo: Courtesy of MEGURU
The Sensory Experience of Urushi
The delicate beauty of Urushi lacquerware, however, is not only about aesthetics; it is intertwined with cultural practices and everyday life. Traditionally, lacquerware adapts to an essential part of Japanese dining etiquette, allowing diners to comfortably hold bowls of hot soup or rice. Its low heat conductivity means that even steaming dishes can be held by hand, aligning seamlessly with the sensibilities of Japanese cuisine. “Urushi is the strongest natural coating material. It also has a soft feeling, so when you touch it, it feels pleasant. The beautiful natural texture of the wood grain is still there. It’s the process of crafting the materials and touching them that makes a lacquerware piece beautiful,” Kainuma says. The beauty of lacquer is integral to the aesthetic, simultaneously enhancing the presentation of food and making each meal a sensory experience.
Meguru: Cultivating a Sustainable Future
MEGURU, a brand dedicated to preserving and revitalizing this craft, has taken a unique approach to sustainability by actively participating in the cultivation of Urushi trees. Understanding the environmental challenges facing traditional lacquerware production, Meguru has implemented a system where a portion of their sales directly supports the planting and maintenance of Urushi trees. Kainuma emphasizes this commitment: “By nurturing the Urushi trees ourselves, we ensure the future of this craft while honoring the traditions that have been passed down for generations.” This not only contributes to the sustainability of the materials but also fosters a deeper connection between artisans, consumers, and the environment.
Photo by Irwin Wong
The Timeless Appeal of Urushi
In the modern era, while chemical alternatives to traditional urushi have proliferated, the unique properties of natural Urushi remain unrivaled. Its durability and aesthetic qualities offer an enduring appeal that continues to resonate with contemporary consumers seeking both beauty and functionality in their homes. The intricate history, combined with the sustainable practices of brands like Meguru, promises a vibrant future for Aizu lacquerware, inviting new generations to appreciate its elegance and craftsmanship.
As we navigate a world increasingly aware of sustainability and environmental responsibility, the legacy of urushi lacquerware serves as a reminder of the harmony that can exist between craftsmanship, nature, and culture. Embracing this rich heritage not only elevates our everyday experiences but also nurtures a sense of connection to the artistry that has shaped Japan's cultural landscape for millennia.
Photo: Courtesy of MEGURU
Text by Lisa Wallin